Industry 4.0: Building a More Secure Connected World with IEC 62443

Consumer CompactElectrical and ElectronicsMarch 25, 2024

Manufacturing and infrastructure are changing with the adoption of Industry 4.0 – the digitalization of processes and systems to improve supply chain management, drive efficiencies and optimize cost-effectiveness. However, integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud technologies into value chains also opens them up to the risk of cyberattack.

Vulnerabilities

The latest industrial revolution involves the integration of smart technology into everything from energy systems, processes and factories to urban infrastructures and transportation systems. The goal is better efficiency, improved sustainability and interoperability, enhanced reliability and greater cost-effectiveness for asset owners, system integrators, product suppliers and other stakeholders.

Set against these desired outcomes is an increased risk of cyberattack. Where once, a criminal would need direct access to a system to control it, the inherent vulnerabilities of a connected system mean they can now potentially take control without leaving their home.

Cyberattacks are on the rise in all sectors, with attacks on manufacturing doubling in 2022.¹ If an attack is successful but kept ‘in-house,’ it will, at the very least, offset any potential benefits accrued from the introduction of IoT solutions.

However, in other cases, the impact can be enormous, spreading beyond the directly affected organization to affect whole communities. An example of this is the US Colonial Pipeline shutdown in 2021. The attack was discovered in the early hours of May 7, 2021, when a ransom note was found in the company’s IT system. Hackers had used DarkSide ransomware to access the company’s systems through an outdated VPN. Data was then encrypted, putting the organization’s whole operational technology (OT) network at risk, including the 5,500-mile pipeline.

In addition to the impact on the company, this attack also led to states declaring emergencies, rapid fuel price rises and supply shortages after consumers panicked and stockpiled fuel. In the longer term, it also highlighted vulnerabilities in relation to industrial control systems (ICS) and OT networks and instilled a sense of urgency around the need to take industrial cybersecurity seriously. ²

Industrial drivers

Business continuity is a major driver for the industrial sector. Disruption caused by a cyberattack can be significant in terms of lost business and damage to infrastructure and reputation.

At the same time, the regulatory landscape is evolving, with authorities now looking for evidence of IoT cybersecurity management, e.g. European Union (EU) Radio Equipment Directive (RED) in 2024. IoT also falls under the provisions of a wide variety of other legislation and standards, including the NIS2 Directive, Cyber Security Act and Cyber Resilience Act in the EU and NIST 8425 in the US.

Developers can mitigate the risk of cyberattacks on their systems while ensuring regulatory compliance, enabling market differentiation by certifying their products against the most widely recognized industrial IoT standard, IEC 62443.

IEC 62443

This series of standards originated in 2002 when the International Society of Automation (ISA) established the Industrial Automation and Control System Security standards committee (ISA99). Originally known as the ISA99 standards, they were renumbered in 2010 as the ANSI/ISA-62443 series and submitted to and used by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) working groups. In 2021, the IEC approved the IEC 62443 family of standards as 'horizontal standards,' meaning they are the foundation for addressing cybersecurity when any sector-specific standard is developed.

The IEC 62443 series provides critical infrastructure agencies and industrial sectors with established guidelines for ensuring secure industrial automation and control systems (IACS). They set best practices for security and provide a way to assess the level of security performance, bridging the gap between operations and information technology, as well as between process safety and cybersecurity.

The series is organized into four parts:

Part 1 – General – covers topics common to the whole series of standards (terminology, concepts, models, etc.)
Part 2 – Policies and procedures – focuses on methods and processes associated with IACS security
Part 3 – System – system-level requirements
Part 4 – Components and requirements – provides detailed requirements for IACS products

As a whole, they:

Define organizational and technical requirements for manufacturers, integrators, operators and industry
Target people, processes, systems, solutions and components across all industries and facilities
Support tailored security solutions
Offer varying levels of security assurance
Deliver a repeatable, holistic approach to the issue of cybersecurity

SGS Solution

SGS Brightsight provides manufacturers and developers with a full range of cybersecurity testing and certification solutions covering the full range of products and systems, from cybersecurity management system components and industrial routers to data diodes, software applications, embedded devices, host devices and network devices.

Our dedicated IEC 62443 services include:

Workshops and training sessions that provide a comprehensive look at the standard, its framework and technical security requirements
Developer support
Pre-evaluation to reduce the potential for failure during formal security evaluations
Security evaluation against:

IEC 62443 2-4 – IACS policy and procedures assessment
IEC 62443-3-3 – System integration assessment. Examples include SCADA systems, consisting of multiple sensors, control units, HMIs and software applications
IEC 62443 4-1 – assesses secure development procedures implemented by product manufacturers
IEC 62443-4-2 – assesses the security capabilities of individual system components. Examples include local programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and the control unit on a building’s smart lights